tomatoes production by smallholders

1.0 Introduction

This chapter will shall contain the following information of the backdrop of the study, statement of the problems which gives more info about the key issues at stake as relating to the “effect and challenges presented by Tomatoes Fabrication within the Buea Municipality”. It will additionally are comprised of the research questions, the essential and concrete objectives set forth in the study, and the importance of the survey which gives more info about the significance and pertinence of this research exertion both in the academic milieu and the society as a whole.

1.1 Background of the Study

The cultivation of tomato, Solanum Lycoperison is the globe the vast majority of highly ate vegetables due to its status as a fundamental ingredients in a great variety of raw, cooked, or processed foods. Tomatoes is increased globally for local use or as exclusion crop. In 2014 the worldwide place cultivated with Tomatoes was 5million hectares with a making of 171 billions tones. The main Tomatoes generating country in the developed countries are the republic of Cathay and Republic of india (FAOSTAT,2017). Tomatoes is feasible to growing in a range of geographic zonings in opening fields or greenhouse, and the fruit is feasible to harvesting handbook or mechanical means. This chop plant is feasible to perennial or semi -perennial but commercial matters it considers to be an each year (Geisenberg and Stewart).

Cultivated Tomatoes are linked to wild tomato originating from Peru, Ecuador and other regions of South America includes the Galapagos Islands. The centre of its domestication and diversification is Mexico (Spooner and Knapp,2018). The current forename was well known all around the earth “Tomato” is coming from a Spanish use allocated to the Mexican.

Acting in accordance with Tan et al. (2010), the present tomatoes has extremely short history of human consumption. it's been is thought to have its sourcing in the countries of the south American Andes (Naika et al.2005) which is in present Peru where it's been grown in the wild at the foot of hills. It has subsequently been taken to other regions of the world by the beforetime explorers where it's been planted as decorative curiosities but not eaten. In Europe for instance; it's been planted in gardens as ornamental plants and considers to be poisonous. Even though tomatoes was agreed to accept subsequent as an edible chop in Europe in about 1840(Paran and van der knaap 2007) over there continues to be of authoritarian opposition to its consumption to other regions of the world.

Tomato product form an important part of human diets. Currently, TomatoZXM= has a higher consumption rates in developed among them are most often refers to as a luxury crop. This is a herbaceous, generally sprawling plant of the nightshade familial that is normally cultivated for its edible fruit. The scientific species title Lycopersicon methods “wolf peach”, and comes from German language werewolf myths. These said that fatal nightshade was use to summon werewolves, so the tomato’s lookalike but much greater fruit was titled the “wolf peach” when it arrived here Europe from the newly created World. It presenting itself in diverse shapes, sizes and colours with diverse Brix or sugar levels. Tomato have extremely lofty lycopene content, which has various health benefits. Several plants have a self-pruning gene accountable for the purpose of determining the determinate grew habit.

Selective breed and modern-day practices in animals husbandry have likewise rising the output of meat, but have increased fears about animals well-being and ecological damage. The Portuguese additionally took it to their territories around South africa at an beforetime date: explorers found it Over there around 1850. The necessary evidence has it's also carried to the Cape from the East: The African title for the vegetables “tamatie” presumably is coming from the Malay statement “tamatte”. From a extremely modest starting the tomatoes increased to part of the more popular vegetables crops in today's world and in the development of countries, tomatoes has now become an essential part of the meal basket as well. tomatoes is the the vast majority of widely ate vegetables types in Cameroon, Buea not been left out does not just generates this chop but additionally eats it in dishes as an example vegetables salad, tomatoes source, and fried rice.

Cameroon like many other Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are still dependent on agriculture for food and livelihood with the exploitation of natural resources remaining the driving force for the country’s economic growth and development. Farming is a vital sector involving 80%of the country’s poor and contributing about 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Molua and Lambi, 2006). Since independence, the Cameroonian government has made many attempts to improve the productivity of smallholder agriculture in the country. For tomato, this has involved the development of high yielding varieties, subsidization of improved seed varieties and fertilizers, liberalization of tomato prices and product marketing. Despite all these efforts, food security continues to be a problem in Cameroon as is the situation in a number of Sub-Saharan African countries. One important step towards achieving food security could be increasing productivity through enhancing efficiency in production (Wudineh and Endrias, 2016). In terms of food production, Cameroon is one of the few African countries to have achieved virtual food self-sufficiency and even earns foreign exchange of over 40% (DSCN, 2002). Attempts are still being made to improve the agricultural sector in Cameroon (GESP, 2009). Climatic conditions such as temperature (20 to 28°C), and annual rainfall (3000 to 5000 mm) (Manga et al., 2013) are favorable for agriculture. The population is cosmopolitan with most of the people living in small scale or peasant farming.

Despite its favorable climatic condition for the cultivation of tomatoes and other agricultural products, the production capacity of Cameroon in general and Buea, in particular, is still well below average. One of the main reasons for this low productivity in agriculture which is not particular to Cameroon is the inability of farmers to fully exploit the available technologies and production techniques coupled with limited factors of production which has made it difficult for farmers to improve production through the use of more inputs (Kavoi et al., 2016). The less-than-optimal performance of the agricultural sector creates a vacuum for food sustenance which ought to be looked into particularly the smallholder tomato farming sector since it involves a good number of households and therefore is vital for food security.

One key to increasing food production in Cameroon lies in raising agricultural productivity through improving the technical efficiency of resource use in agriculture. Productivity entails both technological improvements and technical efficiency (Ogada et al., 2014). Improving the technical efficiency of farmers will lead to an increase in the yield of farmers which will, in turn, lead to increase in food supply, food security, higher incomes and better standards of living. This will go a long way to reduce the dependence and importation of canned tomatoes as high yields will promote the proliferation of agro-allied industries which will process the tomato fruits. In addition, this will increase the domestic supply which will lead to lower prices in local markets and the potential to export for foreign exchange earnings. However, the main problem here is the existence of very little land to cultivate and improve on the output. Furthermore, the available labor is not well-trained and lack the needed experience to push production to the next level. Finally, there is inadequate institutional support given to tomato farmers coupled with very little access to credits and inputs.

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These trends call for research to assess the determinants of grain management on small farms, especially those post-harvest risks that shape the storage practices of these farmers. This study attempts to respond to that call of continue increasing of cultivating daily. Dramatic events such as changing weather patterns, severe food shortages and financial stocks in many parts of the globe have all been suggesting a more and more complex and threatening global risk landscape (Elhaut, 2011). For countries that rely heavily on agriculture and natural resources, cautious management of these risks may become critical to achieving socio-economic development, especially as they hardly produce isolated effects. Agriculture is indeed the main stay of Sub-Saharan African economies (Balgah and Buchenrieder 2011; Abass et al., 2013). As such, the performance of this sector can mean a significant change from deficit to stability or to surplus and vice versa. Among farmed species, Tomatoes (Zea Mays L.) constitutes an important portion of the diets of people and livestock and is widely grown in Sub-Saharan Africa (Epule and Bryant, 2014).

1.2. Statement of the problem

Tomatoes production in Buea- Mile 16 is getting unstable since the Anglophone crises is caused distraction to local and national government about marketing system and food crop production in Buea. Tomatoes is not only a stable vegetable food in Cameroon, but it is also considered an Economic safety net as much of it is often exported and consumed in different parts of Cameroon Value adding base on the production due to the nature of tomatoes which are not resistance in terms of longitivity Challenged by inefficient production and storage technology, price uncertainty, risk aversion or urgent need for cash among others. As a consequence, some farmers wanting to avoid potential shocks might opt for early sales at very low prices. This eventually undermines their incomes and financial security as they often end up purchasing vegetable during the rainy period at higher rates. Others might decide to hold large stock until the following planting period and would often be compelled to sell seeds of a poorer quality at very low prices due to pest attack and weakly nature of seed. This equally leads to low returns and low profitability to the farmer caring out tomatoes farming. According to this situation aggravates the already challenging low vegetable availability, low agricultural incomes and limited market opportunities for small scale

farmers who are yet net deficit grain producers. Ideally, tomatoes would be stored in sufficient quantities to cover the food and financial needs of a farm household between harvest and lean periods, but the diversity of

risks a small-scale farmer is compelled to manage could greatly influence

storage decisions and practices

1.3. Research question

1.3.1. Main research question

· What are the effects of post-Harvest challenges of tomatoes production on small holders’ Farmers in Buea-Mile 16 Community?

1.3.2. Specific research questions

· What are the challenges of post-harvest on tomatoes production on small holders’ farmers in Buea-Mile 16 Community?

· What are the factors affecting post-harvest in tomatoes production in Buea-Mile 16 Community?

· To what extent has post-harvest challenges on tomatoes production on small holders’ farmers in Mile 16 and how to overcome the problems?

1.4. Objectives of the study

1.4.1. Main objective

To examine the challenges of post-harvest of tomatoes production by smallholders’ farmers in Mile 16 Community.